Glossary

A list of terms frequently used during the summer academy

• ASCII: (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Character encoding scheme
• Botnet: A program that runs in a chat room
• Character: A single letter, usually single quoted 'a', 'b', 'c'
• Colloquy: IRC client for Macintosh OS X
• Copyleft: The practice of offering people the right to freely distribute copies and modified versions of a work with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in derivative works down the line.
• Creative Commons: An organization that released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy-to-understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, explains the specifics of each Creative Commons license. Creative Commons licenses are based upon copyright.
• Cyberfeminism: In the fields of free software women are very underrepresented. Cyberfeminists such as Constant are addressing this issue by for example organizing programming workshops for women
• Integer/int: Number, contains no decimal points, it CAN be negative.
• IRC (Internet Relay Chat): Text based chat system
• figlet word: Visualizing a word in the Terminal
• FLOSS: Free/Libre Open Source Software
• Free Art License: A copyleft license that grants the right to freely copy, distribute, and transform creative works without the author's explicit permission.
• Free Software: Free as in freedom not as in free beer
• GNU: An extensive collection of computer software that can be used to build a Unix-like operating system. GNU is composed of free software.
• Linux: Computer operating system (OS) assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution.
• Local network: A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, or office building.
• Markdown: A markup language with plain text formatting syntax designed so that it can be converted to HTML and many other formats using a tool by the same name.
• Markup: A markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of paper manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts.
• Open Source Software: Computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose
• Piping: All widely used Unix and Windows shells have a special syntax construct for the creation of pipelines. In all usage one writes the filter commands in sequence, separated by the ASCII vertical bar character "|" (which, for this reason, is often called "pipe character"). The shell starts the processes and arranges for the necessary connections between their standard streams (including some amount of buffer storage). Example: program1 | program2 | program3
• Public Domain Day: Public Domain Day is an observance of when copyrights expire and works enter into the public domain.[1] This legal transition of copyright works into the public domain usually happens every year on 1 January based on the individual copyright laws of each country.
• PuTTY: A free SSH and telnet client for Windows (The Windows version of terminal)
• Raspberry Pi: An affordable credit card–sized single-board computer developed with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.
• SSH access to a server: Secure Shell, or SSH, is a cryptographic (encrypted) network protocol to allow remote login and other network services to operate securely over an unsecured network.
• split
• string: collection/group of characters, usually double quoted "This is a string", "abcdefg"
• strip
• Terminal commands:

 /home/your_name 
 ls /home -> gives a list of every folder in /hma
 every folder in -> /home
 to move around -> cd
 pwd -> terminal command
 man bash (manual)

• TTY: Teletypewriter (originally), or a text display device, as used by deaf to read voice communication converted to text by a communication assistant device (CA). Or: Text messaging, (Internet slang) Initialism of Talk to you. The TTY's on linux, allows switching between X window system and command-line interface
• Ubuntu: A Linux operating system and distribution, with Unity as its default desktop environment for personal computers including smartphones in later versions. Ubuntu also runs network servers. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu (literally, "human-ness"), which often is translated as "humanity towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity". A default installation of Ubuntu contains a wide range of software that includes LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission

More notes here: Github