Terminal introduction workshop

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Terminal is the Mac OS X command line app for controlling the system via a text based interface, instead of the traditional graphical interface.

Put a list of commands here.

How Terminal works

File:Terminal2.png

The standard streams for input, output, and error.

In it's most simple terms, the Terminal operates on a series of Inputs and Outputs. You input one command into the terminal, and it'll pass the data through the programmed function before outputting you the result.

By stringing (aka. piping) commands together, you can take the results of an Output and manipulate it further before presenting the completed Output to the user.

For example, a user could use banner to create an ASCII glyph, save it to a file and then lp (local print) to print a file. By stringing them together however, the user can take the direct result from the banner command and then send that directly on to the printer, without having to deal with the intermediate file manipulation.

Using the Terminal has many advantages over the typical desktop GUI (Graphical User Interface) you're likely accustomed to. Using command line can allow you to write scripts to automate tasks, combine and string simple commands together and manipulate file contents, all from within the Terminal.

Terminal Basics

Main Aricle: Terminal Basics

List of Common Terminal commands and syntax

Input	Command
Up Arrow Key	Cycle through command history.
Tab	Autocomplete command.
ls	List all files in directory.
cd	Change current directory.
pwd	Print current directory.
rm	Delete file or directory.
.	Within current directory.
..	Up one directory.
touch	Create empty file within current directory.
mkdir	Create empty directory within current directory.
sudo	Run command with super-user security privileges.
ls	List all files in directory.
ls -a	List all files in directory, including hidden files.
ls -l	Long format listing.
ls -t	List all files and directories by order of date modified.
rm	Delete directory/ file.
rm -r	Delete directory and all child directories/ files.
cp	Copy files.
touch	Create empty file within current directory.
pwd	Print working directory.
mkdir	Make directory.
cd	Change directory.
mv	Move/ Rename file.
cat	Print current contents of file.
>	Take output from one command and insert to other.
>>	Append to file. Left to right
|	Pipe. Used to string commands together.
grep	Global regular expression print.

Terminal Workshop

Connect to the Correct Wifi (Hackers & Designers).

Login to the server.

$ ssh pi@10.1.1.1

Create a user for yourself.

$ sudo adduser [create a 1 word username, all lowercase]

Add a password, add your first name, skip the rest (return key)

Disconnect from the server.

$ exit

Reconnect to the server, this time as yourself.

ssh [username]@10.1.1.1

Ask the server who you are.

$ whoami

Put your user name into the public dump file for everyone to see.

$ whoami >> /pub/dump

Ask the server who else is online.

$ who

Start a conversation.

$ talk [some other user]@10.1.1.1

Figlet

$ figlet 'hello!'

Figlet for everyone!

$ figlet 'hello!' >> /pub/dump

Send someone an email. Read your email.

$ figlet 'hello!' | mail -s 'special message for you!' [some user name]

$ mail

Exit mail by typing "q".

Create a file.

$ touch myfile

Did it work?

$ ls

Read the file.

$ cat myfile

It's empty! Give it some content.

$ echo 'Blah blah blah' > myfile

Have another look.

$ cat myfile

Create some audio output, your user will need to be in the audio group, so listen up on how to do this!

$ espeak 'this will be said with audio'

Surprise!

$ cowsay hello!

Exit the server. Copy file from your laptop to the server.

$ exit

Select an actual jpg on your laptop, and copy it to the pi (note the ":" at the end).

$ scp [filename].jpg [username]@10.1.1.1:

The reverse also works by the way.

$ scp [username]@10.1.1.1:somefile.txt .

Re-connect to the server.

$ ssh [username]@10.1.1.1

Create ASCII art!

$ jp2a -i --width=80 ~/[the name of your jpg].jpg

Are there printers on the server?

$ lpstat -p -d

Print!

$ lp -d printer filename

Create a webserver

$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000

Have fun!

List of ideas

echo 'my big secret' > /dev/null

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hda bs=1M