Hd-onions at 11:34, 25 September 2021

2021-09-25T11:34:41Z

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	Following the instructions below in order will give you a step-by-step instruction that should get you up to speed with the basics of using the Terminal.		Following the instructions below in order will give you a step-by-step instruction that should get you up to speed with the basics of using the Terminal.


			[[File:term-basic.png]]
	== Navigation==		== Navigation==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Hd-onions at 18:47, 5 January 2020

2020-01-05T18:47:57Z

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	[[Category:~~Tutorials~~]]		[[Category:Tools]]

Hd-onions at 13:55, 27 December 2017

2017-12-27T13:55:36Z

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	HREF="http://www.google.nl/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=9GirVontD5O-oQeUvaugCA">here		HREF="http://www.google.nl/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=9GirVontD5O-oQeUvaugCA">here
	</BODY></HTML>		</BODY></HTML>

			[[Category:Tutorials]]

JBG at 15:58, 4 February 2016

2016-02-04T15:58:53Z

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	== [[~~pipes~~]] ==		== [[Pipes]] ==

	Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.		Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.

JBG at 15:57, 4 February 2016

2016-02-04T15:57:34Z

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	== [[~~Pipes Pipes~~]] ==		== [[pipes]] ==

	Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.		Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.

JBG at 15:57, 4 February 2016

2016-02-04T15:57:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 4 February 2016
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	hello world		hello world

	== Pipes ==		== [[Pipes Pipes]] ==

	Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.		Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.

JBG at 15:56, 4 February 2016

2016-02-04T15:56:28Z

New page

Here you'll be given a quick Terminal tutorial outlining some introduction commands and inputs to give you a better grasp on the command line.

Following the instructions below in order will give you a step-by-step instruction that should get you up to speed with the basics of using the Terminal.

== Navigation==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input
! Command
|-
| ''Up Arrow Key''
| Cycle through command history.
|-
| ''Tab''
| Autocomplete command.
|-
| [[ls]]
| List all files in directory.
|-
| [[cd]] [directory]
| Change current directory.
|-
| [[pwd]]
| Print current (working) directory.
|-
| ~/
| The user's home directory.
|-
| ./
| Current directory location.
|-
| [[open]] [file/ directory]
| Open file through default application.
|-
| [[open]] ./
| Open current directory with Finder.
|-
| clear
| Wipe current Terminal screen.
|-
| ctrl+C
| Cancel out of the current command.
|}

Navigating through the Terminal is very similar to navigating through your Finder. Think of it as a less visual version of your Finder window.

=== Keyboard commands ===

The Terminal is radically different from the standard OS GUI in that there's no mouse controls. Everything will be entirely operated from keyboard commands.

Here's a quick list of some common commands:

* '''Enter''' - Execute the currently written command.
* '''Left & Right Arrow keys''' - Scroll through characters in the current command string.
* '''Up & Down Arrow keys''' - Cycle through previous commands history. Use the up arrow to cycle back through history, down to cycle forward.
* '''Tab''' - Autocomplete a string entry you're currently typing.
* '''Ctrl+C''' - Used to kill a process, intercepted by a program so it can clean its self up before exiting, or not exit at all. Simply put, it'll quit from a process if you're currently within one.

=== [[pwd]] ===

Just like in your Finder window, your Terminal is always currently "residing" within a folder. Folders are known as directories within command line. To see what directory you currently are within on the command line, you can enter the command [[pwd]] (Print Working Directory).

$ pwd
/Users/admin/Desktop

=== [[ls]] ===

Similar to the Finder, you can also see all the current files and folders within your current directory without influencing them. To see a list of files within your current directory, you can use the command [[ls]] .

$ ls
planets earth sun.jpg galaxy.txt

=== [[cd]] ===

To navigate around the Terminal, you won't want to reside within the same directory forever. To change to another a directory, you can do so with the command [[cd]].

$ cd planets
$ pwd
/Users/admin/Desktop/planets

$ cd ../
$ pwd
/Users/admin/Desktop

=== [[clear]] ===

Every now and then the Terminal will get rather messy. Once in a while it's simply best to clean the board and start anew. To do so, simply type ''clear'' as below:

$ clear

== Manipulating files ==

Once you have a better grasp of how to navigate around the command line, it's time to start manipulating and editing files.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input
! Command
|-
| touch
| Create empty file within current directory.
|-
| [[mkdir]]
| Make directory.
|-
| [[cat]]
| Print current contents of file.
|-
| [[rm]]
| Delete file.
|-
| rm -r
| Delete directory.
|-
| [[mv]]
| Move file or directory.
|-
| [[wc]]
| Get word count from file.
|-
| [[grep]]
| Search a file for a patterns.
|-
|}

=== [[touch]] ===

touch, in it's default state where we'll be using it, is the equivalent of creating an empty file.

$ ls
file.txt
$ touch hello.txt
$ ls
file.txt hello.txt

=== [[mkdir]] ===

mkdir is used to Make Directories.

$ ls
file.txt hello.txt
$ mkdir folder1
$ ls
file.txt hello.txt folder1

=== [[cat]] ===

cat is used to inspect the contents of file.

$ cat file.txt
hello world

=== [[mv]] ===

mv is used to move a file between directories.

$ ls
file.txt hello.txt folder1
$ mv hello.txt folder1
$ ls
file.txt folder1

=== [[rm]] ===

rm is used to delete or '''r'''emo'''v'''e a file.

$ ls
file.txt folder1 badfile.txt
$ rm badfile.txt
$ ls
file.txt folder1

''<span style="color: red">Be careful when using this command as it instantly deletes a file, with no means of recovery. The file is '''not''' sent to your trashbin.</span>''

=== rm -r ===

rm is used to delete or '''r'''emo'''v'''e a file.

$ ls
file.txt folder1
$ rm folder1.txt
$ ls
file.txt

''<span style="color: red">Be careful when using this command as it instantly deletes a file, with no means of recovery. The file is '''not''' sent to your trashbin.</span>''

=== [[wc]] ===

wc can be used to gather the word count from a file.

$ cat file.txt
hello world
$ wc file.txt
0 2 11 file.txt

=== [[grep]] ===

grep, short for "Globally search a Regular Expression and Print", can be used to search for a pattern within a string and print the corresponding line of code.

$ grep hello file.txt
hello world

== Pipes ==

Piping allows the user to connect different commands and the outputs of commands together.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Input
! Command
|-
| | |
| Pass the output of one command directly to another.
|-
| >
| Write the output of one command to a document.
|-
| >>
| Append the output of one command to a document.
|-
|}

=== | ===

Used as the default pipe structure, allowing you to string the output from one command into another.

$ cat file.txt | grep hello.txt

=== > ===

Used to write the output from one command into another file.

''Note: This will replace any current file contents without warning, be careful when using.''

$ cat hello.txt
hello_world1
hello_world2
$ cat file.txt
single line of text
$ grep world hello.txt >file.txt
$ cat file.txt
hello_world1
hello_world2

=== >> ===

Used to append the output from one command into another file.

$ cat hello.txt
hello_world1
hello_world2
$ cat file.txt
single line of text
$ grep world hello.txt >>file.txt
$ cat file.txt
single line of text
hello_world1
hello_world2

== Fun Commands ==

=== [[curl]] ===

Pull data from a URL (Client URL).

''Outputted markup in example has been slightly altered for display purposes.''

$ curl www.google.com
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>302 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
302 Moved
The document has moved
HREF="http://www.google.nl/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=9GirVontD5O-oQeUvaugCA">here
</BODY></HTML>

Terminal Basics - Revision history

Hd-onions at 11:34, 25 September 2021

Hd-onions at 18:47, 5 January 2020

Hd-onions at 13:55, 27 December 2017

JBG at 15:58, 4 February 2016

JBG at 15:57, 4 February 2016

JBG at 15:57, 4 February 2016

JBG at 15:56, 4 February 2016