Computer language history - Revision history

Hd-onions: /* History of computational linguistics */

2015-12-16T10:39:24Z

History of computational linguistics

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 16 December 2015
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	Notes taken by Anja, Maaike and Vicky		Notes taken by Anja, Maaike and Vicky

	==~~History of computational~~ linguistics==		==Computational linguistics==
	''Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.''		''Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.''

Hd-onions at 15:06, 15 December 2015

2015-12-15T15:06:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 15 December 2015
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	* Domain-specific languages		* Domain-specific languages
	* Engineer languages when needed		* Engineer languages when needed


	~~[[Category:EditMe]]~~
	~~[[Category:Print]]~~
	~~[[Category:Article]]~~

Hd-onions at 14:04, 15 December 2015

2015-12-15T14:04:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 15 December 2015
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	* Doctor Who: Science fiction series from the 60's> people talking to machines using programming language called Algol 68		* Doctor Who: Science fiction series from the 60's> people talking to machines using programming language called Algol 68
	* Startrek: Engineers travelling back in time speaking to computers, uses mouse as microphone but the keyboard and screen are the actual communication tools		* Startrek: Engineers travelling back in time speaking to computers, uses mouse as microphone but the keyboard and screen are the actual communication tools


	'''Blaise Pascal'''		'''Blaise Pascal'''
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	In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.		In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.
	Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.		Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.


	'''Charles Babbage'''		'''Charles Babbage'''

Hd-onions at 14:03, 15 December 2015

2015-12-15T14:03:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:03, 15 December 2015
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	By [[Vadim Zaytsev]]		'''Lecture by [[Vadim Zaytsev]]'''

	Notes taken by Anja, Maaike and Vicky		Notes taken by Anja, Maaike and Vicky

	==History of computational linguistics==		==History of computational linguistics==
	"''Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.''"		''Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics.''

	===How do we talk to computers?===		===How do we talk to computers?===
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	* Doctor Who: Science fiction series from the 60's> people talking to machines using programming language called Algol 68		* Doctor Who: Science fiction series from the 60's> people talking to machines using programming language called Algol 68
	* Startrek: Engineers travelling back in time speaking to computers, uses mouse as microphone but the keyboard and screen are the actual communication tools		* Startrek: Engineers travelling back in time speaking to computers, uses mouse as microphone but the keyboard and screen are the actual communication tools


	'''Blaise Pascal'''		'''Blaise Pascal'''

	[[File:Pascaline.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Pascaline.jpg\|600px\|Pascaline by Blaise Pascal]]

	In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.		In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.
	Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.		Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.


	'''Charles Babbage'''		'''Charles Babbage'''

	[[File:Babbage.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Babbage.jpg\|600px\|Charles Babbage]]

	In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer called The Analytical Engine. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer. The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete. In other words, the logical structure of the Analytical Engine was essentially the same as that which has dominated computer design in the electronic era.		In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer called The Analytical Engine. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer. The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete. In other words, the logical structure of the Analytical Engine was essentially the same as that which has dominated computer design in the electronic era.
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	'''Ada Lovelace'''		'''Ada Lovelace'''

	[[File:Ada.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Ada.jpg\|600px\|Ada Lovelace]]

	In 1843 Ada Lovelace made notes on the analytical engine and this included the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. She introduced the concept of a variable in her writings.		In 1843 Ada Lovelace made notes on the analytical engine and this included the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. She introduced the concept of a variable in her writings.
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	'''Joseph Marie Jacquard'''		'''Joseph Marie Jacquard'''

	[[File:Loom.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Loom.jpg\|600px\|The Jacquard Loom]]

	1801: The Jacquard Loom.		1801: The Jacquard Loom.
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	'''Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden'''		'''Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden'''

	[[File:Rekenmeisje.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Rekenmeisje.jpg\|600px\|Rekenmeisje]]

	1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.		1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.
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	Adele Kate Goldstine		Adele Kate Goldstine
	Punched cards: don’t link them so you’re able to remove parts and debug the program.		Punched cards: don’t link them so you’re able to remove parts and debug the program.

	~~"Language documentation is also software" (?)~~

	'''Communication between CPU and memory'''		'''Communication between CPU and memory'''
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	'''Math.matic, Flow-Matic and Cobol'''		'''Math.matic, Flow-Matic and Cobol'''
	Invented by Grace Murray Hopper		Invented by Grace Murray Hopper


	'''Math.Matic'''		'''Math.Matic'''
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	'''Flow-Matic'''		'''Flow-Matic'''
	Example: Go from operation 13; if equal to operation 4; otherwise go to operation 2.		Example: Go from operation 13;
			if equal to operation 4;
			otherwise go to operation 2.

	'''1959:Cobol'''		'''1959:Cobol'''
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	Display ‘…’ ; Set ‘current player’		Display ‘…’ ; Set ‘current player’

	~~===~~ The end of COBOL ~~===~~		'''The end of COBOL'''
	Ed Yourdon predicted the end of Cobol (but it's still here)		Ed Yourdon predicted the end of Cobol (but it's still here)
	2000 issues programming with COBOL		2000 issues programming with COBOL
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	Libre office writer		Libre office writer
	> Free as in freedom not free as in free beer :-)		> Free as in freedom not free as in free beer :-)
	https://scratch.mit.edu/		[https://scratch.mit.edu/ scratch.mit.edu]
	https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/70831348/#editor		[https://scratch.mit.edu/projects/70831348/#editor scratch.mit.edu/projects/70831348/#editor]

	'''Model-driven software development'''		'''Model-driven software development'''

Hd-onions at 17:58, 22 November 2015

2015-11-22T17:58:30Z

Show changes

JBG at 11:40, 14 November 2015

2015-11-14T11:40:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:40, 14 November 2015
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	=== Blaise Pascal ===		=== Blaise Pascal ===

	[[File:Pascaline.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Pascaline.jpg\|600px]]

	In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.		In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.
	Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.		Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.
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	=== Joseph Marie Jacquard ===		=== Joseph Marie Jacquard ===

	[[File:Loom.jpg\|600px]]		[[File:Loom.jpg\|600px]]

	1801: The Jacquard Loom.		1801: The Jacquard Loom.
	Uses punched cards, also called Jacquard Cards, to operate threads in a weaving machine – multi threaded (joke for hackers?)		Uses punched cards, also called Jacquard Cards, to operate threads in a weaving machine – multi threaded (joke for hackers?)
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	=== Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden ===		=== Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden ===
	[[File:Rekenmeisje.jpg \|~~none\|300px~~]]
			[[File:Rekenmeisje.jpg\|600px]]

	1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.		1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.
	They were called “De Rekenmeisjes van Van Wijngaarden”. They knew how the machines worked and how to operate them.		They were called “De Rekenmeisjes van Van Wijngaarden”. They knew how the machines worked and how to operate them.

JBG at 11:39, 14 November 2015

2015-11-14T11:39:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 14 November 2015
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	=== Blaise Pascal ===		=== Blaise Pascal ===
	[[File:Pascaline.jpg \|~~none\|300px~~]]		[[File:Pascaline.jpg\|600px]]
	In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.		In 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a wooden mechanical ‘computer’ or ‘calculator’ which had six digits input.
	Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.		Pascal was spurred to it when participating in the burden of arithmetical labor involved in his father's official work as supervisor of taxes at Rouen. First called the Arithmetic Machine, Pascal's Calculator and later Pascaline, his invention was primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly although its description could be extended to a "mechanical calculator" with which it was possible to multiply and divide by repetition.
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	=== Joseph Marie Jacquard ===		=== Joseph Marie Jacquard ===
	[[File:Loom.jpg \|~~none\|300px~~]]		[[File:Loom.jpg\|600px]]
	1801: The Jacquard Loom.		1801: The Jacquard Loom.
	Uses punched cards, also called Jacquard Cards, to operate threads in a weaving machine – multi threaded (joke for hackers?)		Uses punched cards, also called Jacquard Cards, to operate threads in a weaving machine – multi threaded (joke for hackers?)

JBG at 11:38, 14 November 2015

2015-11-14T11:38:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 14 November 2015
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	=== Ada Lovelace ===		=== Ada Lovelace ===

	[[File:Ada.jpg \|~~none\|300px~~]]		[[File:Ada.jpg\|600px]]

	In 1843 Ada Lovelace made notes on the analytical engine and this included the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. She introduced the concept of a variable in her writings.		In 1843 Ada Lovelace made notes on the analytical engine and this included the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. She introduced the concept of a variable in her writings.

JBG at 11:38, 14 November 2015

2015-11-14T11:38:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 14 November 2015
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	=== Charles Babbage ===		=== Charles Babbage ===

	[[File:Babbage.jpg \|~~none\|300px~~]]		[[File:Babbage.jpg\|600px]]

	In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer called The Analytical Engine. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer. The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete. In other words, the logical structure of the Analytical Engine was essentially the same as that which has dominated computer design in the electronic era.		In 1837 Charles Babbage proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer called The Analytical Engine. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer. The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete. In other words, the logical structure of the Analytical Engine was essentially the same as that which has dominated computer design in the electronic era.
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	[[Category:EditMe]]		[[Category:EditMe]]
	[[Category:Print]]		[[Category:Print]]
	[[Category:~~Web~~]]		[[Category:Article]]

Vicky: /* Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden */

2015-10-23T15:23:36Z

Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 23 October 2015
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	=== Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden ===		=== Adriaan J. Van Wijngaarden ===
			[[File:Rekenmeisje.jpg \|none\|300px]]
	1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.		1948: Hired women that were good in mathematics to operate the calculator because they were cheaper.
	They were called “De Rekenmeisjes van Van Wijngaarden”. They knew how the machines worked and how to operate them.		They were called “De Rekenmeisjes van Van Wijngaarden”. They knew how the machines worked and how to operate them.

	=== Debugging punched cards ===		=== Debugging punched cards ===